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Verb forms (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5)

Q: What are the 5 forms of a verb?

V1, the base form ( write ); V2, the past simple ( wrote ); V3, the past participle ( written ); V4, the present participle or -ing form ( writing ); and V5, the third person singular -s form ( writes ). V1 to V3 are the ones learners memorise; V4 and V5 follow spelling rules for almost every verb.

Q: What are the verb forms of go?

V1 go , V2 went , V3 gone , V4 going , V5 goes . “I go”, “I went”, “I have gone”, “I am going”, “she goes”. Note that been is also used as a V3 of go when you mean you visited and came back: “I have been to Delhi.”

Q: What are the verb forms of eat?

V1 eat , V2 ate , V3 eaten , V4 eating , V5 eats . “We ate at seven.” “Have you eaten?” “She eats early.” Eat is irregular, so its past (ate) and past participle (eaten) have to be learned rather than formed with -ed.

Q: What are the verb forms of see?

V1 see , V2 saw , V3 seen , V4 seeing , V5 sees . A common mistake is “I seen it”: after I on its own, use V2 (“I saw it”); use V3 only after have , has or had (“I have seen it”).

Q: What are the verb forms of write?

V1 write , V2 wrote , V3 written (two t’s), V4 writing (one t), V5 writes . The doubled t in written and the single t in writing are the two spellings learners most often get wrong. Write is irregular: wrote and written are not formed with -ed.

Q: What are the verb forms of take?

V1 take , V2 took , V3 taken , V4 taking , V5 takes . Verbs built on it follow the same pattern: mistake – mistook – mistaken , undertake – undertook – undertaken . Take is irregular, so took and taken have to be learned.

Q: What are the verb forms of do?

V1 do , V2 did , V3 done , V4 doing , V5 does . Do is also a helping verb, which is why it appears in questions and negatives: “Did you finish?”, “She does not know.” Done is never used alone as a past tense: say “I did it”, not “I done it”.

Q: What is the difference between regular and irregular verbs?

Regular verbs make V2 and V3 by adding -ed ( walk – walked – walked ), with small spelling changes such as stop – stopped and try – tried . Irregular verbs do not follow that rule ( go – went – gone , buy – bought – bought ). Of the 1078 verbs on this page, 154 are irregular.

Every English verb has five forms: V1 base, V2 past, V3 past participle, V4 -ing and V5 -s. Here they are for 1078 verbs, with a chart, Hindi meanings, the rules and the irregular verbs.

All five forms of 1078 verbs, A to Z, with a search box
A chart of 20 common verbs to download as a PDF, and 50 with Hindi meaning
The 154 irregular verbs grouped by pattern, a quiz and exercises

Test your English level free Try a DET grammar drill

Knowing the right form is what turns “I have went” into “I have gone”. This page gives all five forms for 1078 verbs, starting with the 20 and 50 you need most, then the rules that make regular verbs easy and the patterns that make irregular verbs learnable.

The five forms

What are V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5?

Form	Name	Used for	write	play
V1	Base form	Present simple, after to, after will / can / must	write	play
V2	Past simple	A finished action in the past: “I wrote”	wrote	played
V3	Past participle	Perfect tenses (“have written”), passive (“was written”)	written	played
V4	Present participle (-ing)	Continuous tenses: “is writing”	writing	playing
V5	Third person -s	After he / she / it in the present: “she writes”	writes	plays

Verb forms chart: V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5 of 20 common verbs such as go, come, eat and write, with the Hindi meaning of each — The verb forms chart for 20 common verbs: download the verb forms PDF or save it as an image (PNG).

Most used

50 verb forms with Hindi meaning

The 50 verbs learners meet first, with all five forms and the Hindi meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) of V1. The first 20 are the chart above.

#	V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)	Hindi meaning
1	go	went	gone	going	goes	जाना
2	come	came	come	coming	comes	आना
3	eat	ate	eaten	eating	eats	खाना
4	drink	drank	drunk	drinking	drinks	पीना
5	see	saw	seen	seeing	sees	देखना
6	write	wrote	written	writing	writes	लिखना
7	read	read	read	reading	reads	पढ़ना
8	speak	spoke	spoken	speaking	speaks	बोलना
9	take	took	taken	taking	takes	लेना
10	give	gave	given	giving	gives	देना
11	do	did	done	doing	does	करना
12	make	made	made	making	makes	बनाना
13	get	got	got (US: gotten)	getting	gets	पाना, मिलना
14	run	ran	run	running	runs	दौड़ना
15	sit	sat	sat	sitting	sits	बैठना
16	sleep	slept	slept	sleeping	sleeps	सोना
17	think	thought	thought	thinking	thinks	सोचना
18	know	knew	known	knowing	knows	जानना
19	buy	bought	bought	buying	buys	खरीदना
20	tell	told	told	telling	tells	बताना
21	say	said	said	saying	says	कहना
22	bring	brought	brought	bringing	brings	लाना
23	teach	taught	taught	teaching	teaches	पढ़ाना, सिखाना
24	learn	learnt / learned	learnt / learned	learning	learns	सीखना
25	sell	sold	sold	selling	sells	बेचना
26	begin	began	begun	beginning	begins	शुरू करना
27	break	broke	broken	breaking	breaks	तोड़ना
28	build	built	built	building	builds	बनाना, निर्माण करना
29	catch	caught	caught	catching	catches	पकड़ना
30	choose	chose	chosen	choosing	chooses	चुनना
31	fall	fell	fallen	falling	falls	गिरना
32	feel	felt	felt	feeling	feels	महसूस करना
33	find	found	found	finding	finds	ढूँढना, पाना
34	fly	flew	flown	flying	flies	उड़ना
35	forget	forgot	forgotten	forgetting	forgets	भूलना
36	hear	heard	heard	hearing	hears	सुनना
37	keep	kept	kept	keeping	keeps	रखना
38	leave	left	left	leaving	leaves	छोड़ना
39	lose	lost	lost	losing	loses	खोना
40	meet	met	met	meeting	meets	मिलना
41	pay	paid	paid	paying	pays	भुगतान करना
42	send	sent	sent	sending	sends	भेजना
43	sing	sang	sung	singing	sings	गाना
44	swim	swam	swum	swimming	swims	तैरना
45	throw	threw	thrown	throwing	throws	फेंकना
46	understand	understood	understood	understanding	understands	समझना
47	win	won	won	winning	wins	जीतना
48	play	played	played	playing	plays	खेलना
49	walk	walked	walked	walking	walks	चलना
50	work	worked	worked	working	works	काम करना

Regular verbs

How to make V2, V3, V4 and V5

Most English verbs are regular: V2 and V3 are the same, made with -ed. Five spelling rules cover nearly all of them.

If the verb…	V2 and V3	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)	Examples
ends in -e	add -d	drop the e, add -ing	add -s	hope – hoped – hoping – hopes
ends in consonant + y	y → ied	add -ing	y → ies	study – studied – studying – studies
ends in one vowel + one consonant, stressed (stop, prefer)	double the consonant, add -ed	double, add -ing	add -s	stop – stopped – stopping – stops
ends in -l after one vowel (British spelling)	double the l	double the l	add -s	travel – travelled – travelling – travels
ends in -ie	add -d	ie → ying	add -s	tie – tied – tying – ties
ends in s, sh, ch, x, z or o	add -ed	add -ing	add -es	watch – watched – watching – watches
anything else	add -ed	add -ing	add -s	play – played – playing – plays

Irregular verbs

154 irregular verbs, grouped by pattern

Learn irregular verbs in groups that change the same way, not from A to Z. Where two forms are both correct, both are given (British first).

All three forms the same (cut – cut – cut)

V1	V2	V3
bet	bet	bet
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
burst	burst	burst
cast	cast	cast
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
forecast	forecast	forecast
hit	hit	hit
hurt	hurt	hurt
let	let	let
put	put	put
quit	quit	quit
read	read	read
rid	rid	rid
set	set	set
shed	shed	shed
shut	shut	shut
split	split	split
spread	spread	spread
thrust	thrust	thrust
upset	upset	upset

V2 and V3 the same (buy – bought – bought)

V1	V2	V3
bend	bent	bent
bind	bound	bound
bleed	bled	bled
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought	brought
build	built	built
burn	burnt / burned	burnt / burned
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
cling	clung	clung
creep	crept	crept
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
dream	dreamt / dreamed	dreamt / dreamed
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung	flung
get	got	got (US: gotten)
grind	ground	ground
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hold	held	held
keep	kept	kept
kneel	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
lean	leant / leaned	leant / leaned
leap	leapt / leaped	leapt / leaped
learn	learnt / learned	learnt / learned
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
prove	proved	proved / proven
say	said	said
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
shine	shone	shone
shoot	shot	shot
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
smell	smelt / smelled	smelt / smelled
speed	sped	sped
spell	spelt / spelled	spelt / spelled
spend	spent	spent
spill	spilt / spilled	spilt / spilled
spin	spun	spun
spit	spat	spat
spoil	spoilt / spoiled	spoilt / spoiled
stand	stood	stood
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
strike	struck	struck
string	strung	strung
sweep	swept	swept
swing	swung	swung
teach	taught	taught
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
understand	understood	understood
weep	wept	wept
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound

V1 and V3 the same (come – came – come)

V1	V2	V3
become	became	become
come	came	come
overcome	overcame	overcome
run	ran	run

All three forms different (go – went – gone)

V1	V2	V3
arise	arose	arisen
awake	awoke	awoken
bear	bore	borne
beat	beat	beaten
begin	began	begun
bite	bit	bitten
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
choose	chose	chosen
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade	forbidden
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
freeze	froze	frozen
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
hide	hid	hidden
know	knew	known
lie	lay	lain
mistake	mistook	mistaken
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
see	saw	seen
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed
shake	shook	shaken
show	showed	shown / showed
shrink	shrank	shrunk
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
sow	sowed	sown / sowed
speak	spoke	spoken
spring	sprang	sprung
steal	stole	stolen
stink	stank	stunk
swear	swore	sworn
swell	swelled	swollen
swim	swam	swum
take	took	taken
tear	tore	torn
throw	threw	thrown
tread	trod	trodden
undertake	undertook	undertaken
wake	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove	woven
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn
write	wrote	written

And the one that fits no group: be – was / were – been.

Common questions

Verb forms of go, eat, see, write, take and do

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
go	went	gone	going	goes
eat	ate	eaten	eating	eats
see	saw	seen	seeing	sees
write	wrote	written	writing	writes
take	took	taken	taking	takes
do	did	done	doing	does
come	came	come	coming	comes
give	gave	given	giving	gives
make	made	made	making	makes
get	got	got (US: gotten)	getting	gets

The full list

1,000+ verb forms, A to Z (1078 verbs)

Every verb on this page with all five forms. Type in the box to find one, or jump to a letter.

Verbs starting with A

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
accept	accepted	accepted	accepting	accepts
accompany	accompanied	accompanied	accompanying	accompanies
accuse	accused	accused	accusing	accuses
achieve	achieved	achieved	achieving	achieves
acquire	acquired	acquired	acquiring	acquires
act	acted	acted	acting	acts
adapt	adapted	adapted	adapting	adapts
add	added	added	adding	adds
address	addressed	addressed	addressing	addresses
adjust	adjusted	adjusted	adjusting	adjusts
admire	admired	admired	admiring	admires
admit	admitted	admitted	admitting	admits
adopt	adopted	adopted	adopting	adopts
adore	adored	adored	adoring	adores
advance	advanced	advanced	advancing	advances
advertise	advertised	advertised	advertising	advertises
advise	advised	advised	advising	advises
advocate	advocated	advocated	advocating	advocates
affect	affected	affected	affecting	affects
afford	afforded	afforded	affording	affords
agree	agreed	agreed	agreeing	agrees
aim	aimed	aimed	aiming	aims
alert	alerted	alerted	alerting	alerts
allocate	allocated	allocated	allocating	allocates
allow	allowed	allowed	allowing	allows
alter	altered	altered	altering	alters
alternate	alternated	alternated	alternating	alternates
amaze	amazed	amazed	amazing	amazes
amend	amended	amended	amending	amends
amuse	amused	amused	amusing	amuses
analyse	analysed	analysed	analysing	analyses
announce	announced	announced	announcing	announces
annoy	annoyed	annoyed	annoying	annoys
answer	answered	answered	answering	answers
anticipate	anticipated	anticipated	anticipating	anticipates
apologise	apologised	apologised	apologising	apologises
appeal	appealed	appealed	appealing	appeals
appear	appeared	appeared	appearing	appears
applaud	applauded	applauded	applauding	applauds
apply	applied	applied	applying	applies
appoint	appointed	appointed	appointing	appoints
appreciate	appreciated	appreciated	appreciating	appreciates
approach	approached	approached	approaching	approaches
approve	approved	approved	approving	approves
argue	argued	argued	arguing	argues
arise (irregular)	arose	arisen	arising	arises
arrange	arranged	arranged	arranging	arranges
arrest	arrested	arrested	arresting	arrests
arrive	arrived	arrived	arriving	arrives
ask	asked	asked	asking	asks
assemble	assembled	assembled	assembling	assembles
assess	assessed	assessed	assessing	assesses
assign	assigned	assigned	assigning	assigns
assist	assisted	assisted	assisting	assists
associate	associated	associated	associating	associates
assume	assumed	assumed	assuming	assumes
assure	assured	assured	assuring	assures
attach	attached	attached	attaching	attaches
attack	attacked	attacked	attacking	attacks
attain	attained	attained	attaining	attains
attempt	attempted	attempted	attempting	attempts
attend	attended	attended	attending	attends
attract	attracted	attracted	attracting	attracts
authorise	authorised	authorised	authorising	authorises
avoid	avoided	avoided	avoiding	avoids
awake (irregular)	awoke	awoken	awaking	awakes
award	awarded	awarded	awarding	awards

Verbs starting with B

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
bake	baked	baked	baking	bakes
balance	balanced	balanced	balancing	balances
ban	banned	banned	banning	bans
bang	banged	banged	banging	bangs
bat	batted	batted	batting	bats
bathe	bathed	bathed	bathing	bathes
battle	battled	battled	battling	battles
be (irregular)	was / were	been	being	is
beam	beamed	beamed	beaming	beams
bear (irregular)	bore	borne	bearing	bears
beat (irregular)	beat	beaten	beating	beats
become (irregular)	became	become	becoming	becomes
beg	begged	begged	begging	begs
begin (irregular)	began	begun	beginning	begins
behave	behaved	behaved	behaving	behaves
believe	believed	believed	believing	believes
belong	belonged	belonged	belonging	belongs
bend (irregular)	bent	bent	bending	bends
benefit	benefited	benefited	benefiting	benefits
bet (irregular)	bet	bet	betting	bets
bind (irregular)	bound	bound	binding	binds
bite (irregular)	bit	bitten	biting	bites
bleed (irregular)	bled	bled	bleeding	bleeds
bless	blessed	blessed	blessing	blesses
blind	blinded	blinded	blinding	blinds
blink	blinked	blinked	blinking	blinks
block	blocked	blocked	blocking	blocks
blow (irregular)	blew	blown	blowing	blows
boast	boasted	boasted	boasting	boasts
boil	boiled	boiled	boiling	boils
bolt	bolted	bolted	bolting	bolts
bomb	bombed	bombed	bombing	bombs
book	booked	booked	booking	books
bore	bored	bored	boring	bores
borrow	borrowed	borrowed	borrowing	borrows
bother	bothered	bothered	bothering	bothers
bounce	bounced	bounced	bouncing	bounces
bow	bowed	bowed	bowing	bows
box	boxed	boxed	boxing	boxes
brake	braked	braked	braking	brakes
branch	branched	branched	branching	branches
break (irregular)	broke	broken	breaking	breaks
breathe	breathed	breathed	breathing	breathes
breed (irregular)	bred	bred	breeding	breeds
bring (irregular)	brought	brought	bringing	brings
broadcast (irregular)	broadcast	broadcast	broadcasting	broadcasts
broaden	broadened	broadened	broadening	broadens
bruise	bruised	bruised	bruising	bruises
brush	brushed	brushed	brushing	brushes
bubble	bubbled	bubbled	bubbling	bubbles
budget	budgeted	budgeted	budgeting	budgets
build (irregular)	built	built	building	builds
bump	bumped	bumped	bumping	bumps
burden	burdened	burdened	burdening	burdens
burn (irregular)	burnt / burned	burnt / burned	burning	burns
burst (irregular)	burst	burst	bursting	bursts
bury	buried	buried	burying	buries
buy (irregular)	bought	bought	buying	buys
buzz	buzzed	buzzed	buzzing	buzzes

Verbs starting with C

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
calculate	calculated	calculated	calculating	calculates
call	called	called	calling	calls
calm	calmed	calmed	calming	calms
camp	camped	camped	camping	camps
cancel	cancelled	cancelled	cancelling	cancels
care	cared	cared	caring	cares
carry	carried	carried	carrying	carries
carve	carved	carved	carving	carves
cast (irregular)	cast	cast	casting	casts
catch (irregular)	caught	caught	catching	catches
cater	catered	catered	catering	caters
cause	caused	caused	causing	causes
cease	ceased	ceased	ceasing	ceases
celebrate	celebrated	celebrated	celebrating	celebrates
challenge	challenged	challenged	challenging	challenges
change	changed	changed	changing	changes
charge	charged	charged	charging	charges
charm	charmed	charmed	charming	charms
chase	chased	chased	chasing	chases
chat	chatted	chatted	chatting	chats
cheat	cheated	cheated	cheating	cheats
check	checked	checked	checking	checks
cheer	cheered	cheered	cheering	cheers
cherish	cherished	cherished	cherishing	cherishes
chew	chewed	chewed	chewing	chews
chip	chipped	chipped	chipping	chips
choke	choked	choked	choking	chokes
choose (irregular)	chose	chosen	choosing	chooses
chop	chopped	chopped	chopping	chops
cite	cited	cited	citing	cites
claim	claimed	claimed	claiming	claims
clap	clapped	clapped	clapping	claps
clarify	clarified	clarified	clarifying	clarifies
classify	classified	classified	classifying	classifies
clean	cleaned	cleaned	cleaning	cleans
clear	cleared	cleared	clearing	clears
climb	climbed	climbed	climbing	climbs
cling (irregular)	clung	clung	clinging	clings
clip	clipped	clipped	clipping	clips
close	closed	closed	closing	closes
coach	coached	coached	coaching	coaches
coincide	coincided	coincided	coinciding	coincides
collaborate	collaborated	collaborated	collaborating	collaborates
collapse	collapsed	collapsed	collapsing	collapses
collect	collected	collected	collecting	collects
colour	coloured	coloured	colouring	colours
comb	combed	combed	combing	combs
combine	combined	combined	combining	combines
come (irregular)	came	come	coming	comes
comfort	comforted	comforted	comforting	comforts
command	commanded	commanded	commanding	commands
comment	commented	commented	commenting	comments
commit	committed	committed	committing	commits
communicate	communicated	communicated	communicating	communicates
compare	compared	compared	comparing	compares
compensate	compensated	compensated	compensating	compensates
compete	competed	competed	competing	competes
compile	compiled	compiled	compiling	compiles
complain	complained	complained	complaining	complains
complete	completed	completed	completing	completes
comply	complied	complied	complying	complies
compose	composed	composed	composing	composes
conceal	concealed	concealed	concealing	conceals
concede	conceded	conceded	conceding	concedes
concentrate	concentrated	concentrated	concentrating	concentrates
concern	concerned	concerned	concerning	concerns
conclude	concluded	concluded	concluding	concludes
conduct	conducted	conducted	conducting	conducts
confess	confessed	confessed	confessing	confesses
confirm	confirmed	confirmed	confirming	confirms
confront	confronted	confronted	confronting	confronts
confuse	confused	confused	confusing	confuses
connect	connected	connected	connecting	connects
conserve	conserved	conserved	conserving	conserves
consider	considered	considered	considering	considers
consist	consisted	consisted	consisting	consists
consult	consulted	consulted	consulting	consults
consume	consumed	consumed	consuming	consumes
contain	contained	contained	containing	contains
continue	continued	continued	continuing	continues
contrast	contrasted	contrasted	contrasting	contrasts
contribute	contributed	contributed	contributing	contributes
control	controlled	controlled	controlling	controls
convert	converted	converted	converting	converts
convey	conveyed	conveyed	conveying	conveys
convince	convinced	convinced	convincing	convinces
cook	cooked	cooked	cooking	cooks
cooperate	cooperated	cooperated	cooperating	cooperates
coordinate	coordinated	coordinated	coordinating	coordinates
cope	coped	coped	coping	copes
copy	copied	copied	copying	copies
correct	corrected	corrected	correcting	corrects
correspond	corresponded	corresponded	corresponding	corresponds
cost (irregular)	cost	cost	costing	costs
cough	coughed	coughed	coughing	coughs
count	counted	counted	counting	counts
cover	covered	covered	covering	covers
crack	cracked	cracked	cracking	cracks
crash	crashed	crashed	crashing	crashes
crawl	crawled	crawled	crawling	crawls
create	created	created	creating	creates
credit	credited	credited	crediting	credits
creep (irregular)	crept	crept	creeping	creeps
crop	cropped	cropped	cropping	crops
cross	crossed	crossed	crossing	crosses
crush	crushed	crushed	crushing	crushes
cry	cried	cried	crying	cries
cultivate	cultivated	cultivated	cultivating	cultivates
cure	cured	cured	curing	cures
curl	curled	curled	curling	curls
curve	curved	curved	curving	curves
cut (irregular)	cut	cut	cutting	cuts
cycle	cycled	cycled	cycling	cycles

Verbs starting with D

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
damage	damaged	damaged	damaging	damages
dance	danced	danced	dancing	dances
dare	dared	dared	daring	dares
dazzle	dazzled	dazzled	dazzling	dazzles
deal (irregular)	dealt	dealt	dealing	deals
debate	debated	debated	debating	debates
decay	decayed	decayed	decaying	decays
deceive	deceived	deceived	deceiving	deceives
decide	decided	decided	deciding	decides
declare	declared	declared	declaring	declares
decline	declined	declined	declining	declines
decorate	decorated	decorated	decorating	decorates
decrease	decreased	decreased	decreasing	decreases
dedicate	dedicated	dedicated	dedicating	dedicates
defeat	defeated	defeated	defeating	defeats
defend	defended	defended	defending	defends
define	defined	defined	defining	defines
delay	delayed	delayed	delaying	delays
delete	deleted	deleted	deleting	deletes
delight	delighted	delighted	delighting	delights
deliver	delivered	delivered	delivering	delivers
demand	demanded	demanded	demanding	demands
demonstrate	demonstrated	demonstrated	demonstrating	demonstrates
deny	denied	denied	denying	denies
depart	departed	departed	departing	departs
depend	depended	depended	depending	depends
deposit	deposited	deposited	depositing	deposits
derive	derived	derived	deriving	derives
describe	described	described	describing	describes
deserve	deserved	deserved	deserving	deserves
design	designed	designed	designing	designs
desire	desired	desired	desiring	desires
despise	despised	despised	despising	despises
destroy	destroyed	destroyed	destroying	destroys
detect	detected	detected	detecting	detects
determine	determined	determined	determining	determines
develop	developed	developed	developing	develops
devote	devoted	devoted	devoting	devotes
dial	dialled	dialled	dialling	dials
die	died	died	dying	dies
differ	differed	differed	differing	differs
dig (irregular)	dug	dug	digging	digs
diminish	diminished	diminished	diminishing	diminishes
disagree	disagreed	disagreed	disagreeing	disagrees
disappear	disappeared	disappeared	disappearing	disappears
disappoint	disappointed	disappointed	disappointing	disappoints
discover	discovered	discovered	discovering	discovers
discuss	discussed	discussed	discussing	discusses
dislike	disliked	disliked	disliking	dislikes
dismiss	dismissed	dismissed	dismissing	dismisses
display	displayed	displayed	displaying	displays
dispose	disposed	disposed	disposing	disposes
distinguish	distinguished	distinguished	distinguishing	distinguishes
distribute	distributed	distributed	distributing	distributes
disturb	disturbed	disturbed	disturbing	disturbs
divide	divided	divided	dividing	divides
do (irregular)	did	done	doing	does
dominate	dominated	dominated	dominating	dominates
donate	donated	donated	donating	donates
double	doubled	doubled	doubling	doubles
doubt	doubted	doubted	doubting	doubts
download	downloaded	downloaded	downloading	downloads
drag	dragged	dragged	dragging	drags
drain	drained	drained	draining	drains
draw (irregular)	drew	drawn	drawing	draws
dream (irregular)	dreamt / dreamed	dreamt / dreamed	dreaming	dreams
dress	dressed	dressed	dressing	dresses
drift	drifted	drifted	drifting	drifts
drink (irregular)	drank	drunk	drinking	drinks
drip	dripped	dripped	dripping	drips
drive (irregular)	drove	driven	driving	drives
drop	dropped	dropped	dropping	drops
drown	drowned	drowned	drowning	drowns
drum	drummed	drummed	drumming	drums
dry	dried	dried	drying	dries
dust	dusted	dusted	dusting	dusts

Verbs starting with E

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
earn	earned	earned	earning	earns
eat (irregular)	ate	eaten	eating	eats
edit	edited	edited	editing	edits
educate	educated	educated	educating	educates
elect	elected	elected	electing	elects
eliminate	eliminated	eliminated	eliminating	eliminates
embarrass	embarrassed	embarrassed	embarrassing	embarrasses
embrace	embraced	embraced	embracing	embraces
emerge	emerged	emerged	emerging	emerges
emphasise	emphasised	emphasised	emphasising	emphasises
employ	employed	employed	employing	employs
empty	emptied	emptied	emptying	empties
enable	enabled	enabled	enabling	enables
enclose	enclosed	enclosed	enclosing	encloses
encounter	encountered	encountered	encountering	encounters
encourage	encouraged	encouraged	encouraging	encourages
end	ended	ended	ending	ends
endorse	endorsed	endorsed	endorsing	endorses
enforce	enforced	enforced	enforcing	enforces
engage	engaged	engaged	engaging	engages
enhance	enhanced	enhanced	enhancing	enhances
enjoy	enjoyed	enjoyed	enjoying	enjoys
enquire	enquired	enquired	enquiring	enquires
enrol	enrolled	enrolled	enrolling	enrols
ensure	ensured	ensured	ensuring	ensures
enter	entered	entered	entering	enters
entertain	entertained	entertained	entertaining	entertains
equip	equipped	equipped	equipping	equips
escape	escaped	escaped	escaping	escapes
establish	established	established	establishing	establishes
estimate	estimated	estimated	estimating	estimates
evaluate	evaluated	evaluated	evaluating	evaluates
evolve	evolved	evolved	evolving	evolves
exaggerate	exaggerated	exaggerated	exaggerating	exaggerates
examine	examined	examined	examining	examines
exceed	exceeded	exceeded	exceeding	exceeds
exchange	exchanged	exchanged	exchanging	exchanges
excite	excited	excited	exciting	excites
exclude	excluded	excluded	excluding	excludes
excuse	excused	excused	excusing	excuses
execute	executed	executed	executing	executes
exercise	exercised	exercised	exercising	exercises
exhibit	exhibited	exhibited	exhibiting	exhibits
exist	existed	existed	existing	exists
expand	expanded	expanded	expanding	expands
expect	expected	expected	expecting	expects
expire	expired	expired	expiring	expires
explain	explained	explained	explaining	explains
explode	exploded	exploded	exploding	explodes
exploit	exploited	exploited	exploiting	exploits
explore	explored	explored	exploring	explores
export	exported	exported	exporting	exports
express	expressed	expressed	expressing	expresses
extend	extended	extended	extending	extends

Verbs starting with F

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
face	faced	faced	facing	faces
facilitate	facilitated	facilitated	facilitating	facilitates
fade	faded	faded	fading	fades
fail	failed	failed	failing	fails
fall (irregular)	fell	fallen	falling	falls
fancy	fancied	fancied	fancying	fancies
fascinate	fascinated	fascinated	fascinating	fascinates
fasten	fastened	fastened	fastening	fastens
favour	favoured	favoured	favouring	favours
fax	faxed	faxed	faxing	faxes
fear	feared	feared	fearing	fears
feature	featured	featured	featuring	features
feed (irregular)	fed	fed	feeding	feeds
feel (irregular)	felt	felt	feeling	feels
fence	fenced	fenced	fencing	fences
fetch	fetched	fetched	fetching	fetches
fight (irregular)	fought	fought	fighting	fights
file	filed	filed	filing	files
fill	filled	filled	filling	fills
film	filmed	filmed	filming	films
finance	financed	financed	financing	finances
find (irregular)	found	found	finding	finds
finish	finished	finished	finishing	finishes
fire	fired	fired	firing	fires
fit	fitted	fitted	fitting	fits
fix	fixed	fixed	fixing	fixes
flap	flapped	flapped	flapping	flaps
flash	flashed	flashed	flashing	flashes
flatter	flattered	flattered	flattering	flatters
flee (irregular)	fled	fled	fleeing	flees
fling (irregular)	flung	flung	flinging	flings
float	floated	floated	floating	floats
flood	flooded	flooded	flooding	floods
flourish	flourished	flourished	flourishing	flourishes
flow	flowed	flowed	flowing	flows
flower	flowered	flowered	flowering	flowers
fly (irregular)	flew	flown	flying	flies
focus	focused	focused	focusing	focuses
fold	folded	folded	folding	folds
follow	followed	followed	following	follows
fool	fooled	fooled	fooling	fools
forbid (irregular)	forbade	forbidden	forbiding	forbids
force	forced	forced	forcing	forces
forecast (irregular)	forecast	forecast	forecasting	forecasts
forget (irregular)	forgot	forgotten	forgetting	forgets
forgive (irregular)	forgave	forgiven	forgiving	forgives
form	formed	formed	forming	forms
forward	forwarded	forwarded	forwarding	forwards
found	founded	founded	founding	founds
frame	framed	framed	framing	frames
freeze (irregular)	froze	frozen	freezing	freezes
frighten	frightened	frightened	frightening	frightens
fry	fried	fried	frying	fries
fulfil	fulfilled	fulfilled	fulfilling	fulfils
function	functioned	functioned	functioning	functions

Verbs starting with G

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
gather	gathered	gathered	gathering	gathers
gaze	gazed	gazed	gazing	gazes
generate	generated	generated	generating	generates
get (irregular)	got	got (US: gotten)	getting	gets
give (irregular)	gave	given	giving	gives
glow	glowed	glowed	glowing	glows
glue	glued	glued	gluing	glues
go (irregular)	went	gone	going	goes
govern	governed	governed	governing	governs
grab	grabbed	grabbed	grabbing	grabs
graduate	graduated	graduated	graduating	graduates
grant	granted	granted	granting	grants
grate	grated	grated	grating	grates
grease	greased	greased	greasing	greases
greet	greeted	greeted	greeting	greets
grin	grinned	grinned	grinning	grins
grind (irregular)	ground	ground	grinding	grinds
grip	gripped	gripped	gripping	grips
groan	groaned	groaned	groaning	groans
grow (irregular)	grew	grown	growing	grows
guarantee	guaranteed	guaranteed	guaranteeing	guarantees
guard	guarded	guarded	guarding	guards
guess	guessed	guessed	guessing	guesses
guide	guided	guided	guiding	guides

Verbs starting with H

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
hammer	hammered	hammered	hammering	hammers
hand	handed	handed	handing	hands
handle	handled	handled	handling	handles
hang (irregular)	hung	hung	hanging	hangs
happen	happened	happened	happening	happens
harm	harmed	harmed	harming	harms
harvest	harvested	harvested	harvesting	harvests
hate	hated	hated	hating	hates
haunt	haunted	haunted	haunting	haunts
have (irregular)	had	had	having	has
head	headed	headed	heading	heads
heal	healed	healed	healing	heals
heap	heaped	heaped	heaping	heaps
hear (irregular)	heard	heard	hearing	hears
heat	heated	heated	heating	heats
help	helped	helped	helping	helps
hide (irregular)	hid	hidden	hiding	hides
highlight	highlighted	highlighted	highlighting	highlights
hit (irregular)	hit	hit	hitting	hits
hold (irregular)	held	held	holding	holds
hook	hooked	hooked	hooking	hooks
hop	hopped	hopped	hopping	hops
hope	hoped	hoped	hoping	hopes
host	hosted	hosted	hosting	hosts
hover	hovered	hovered	hovering	hovers
hug	hugged	hugged	hugging	hugs
hum	hummed	hummed	humming	hums
hunt	hunted	hunted	hunting	hunts
hurry	hurried	hurried	hurrying	hurries
hurt (irregular)	hurt	hurt	hurting	hurts

Verbs starting with I

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
identify	identified	identified	identifying	identifies
ignore	ignored	ignored	ignoring	ignores
illustrate	illustrated	illustrated	illustrating	illustrates
imagine	imagined	imagined	imagining	imagines
implement	implemented	implemented	implementing	implements
imply	implied	implied	implying	implies
import	imported	imported	importing	imports
impose	imposed	imposed	imposing	imposes
impress	impressed	impressed	impressing	impresses
improve	improved	improved	improving	improves
include	included	included	including	includes
increase	increased	increased	increasing	increases
indicate	indicated	indicated	indicating	indicates
influence	influenced	influenced	influencing	influences
inform	informed	informed	informing	informs
inherit	inherited	inherited	inheriting	inherits
initiate	initiated	initiated	initiating	initiates
inject	injected	injected	injecting	injects
injure	injured	injured	injuring	injures
innovate	innovated	innovated	innovating	innovates
insist	insisted	insisted	insisting	insists
inspect	inspected	inspected	inspecting	inspects
install	installed	installed	installing	installs
instruct	instructed	instructed	instructing	instructs
insure	insured	insured	insuring	insures
integrate	integrated	integrated	integrating	integrates
intend	intended	intended	intending	intends
interest	interested	interested	interesting	interests
interfere	interfered	interfered	interfering	interferes
interpret	interpreted	interpreted	interpreting	interprets
interrupt	interrupted	interrupted	interrupting	interrupts
introduce	introduced	introduced	introducing	introduces
invent	invented	invented	inventing	invents
investigate	investigated	investigated	investigating	investigates
invite	invited	invited	inviting	invites
involve	involved	involved	involving	involves
irritate	irritated	irritated	irritating	irritates
isolate	isolated	isolated	isolating	isolates
itch	itched	itched	itching	itches

Verbs starting with J

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
jail	jailed	jailed	jailing	jails
jam	jammed	jammed	jamming	jams
jog	jogged	jogged	jogging	jogs
join	joined	joined	joining	joins
joke	joked	joked	joking	jokes
judge	judged	judged	judging	judges
juggle	juggled	juggled	juggling	juggles
jump	jumped	jumped	jumping	jumps
justify	justified	justified	justifying	justifies

Verbs starting with K

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
keep (irregular)	kept	kept	keeping	keeps
kick	kicked	kicked	kicking	kicks
kidnap	kidnapped	kidnapped	kidnapping	kidnaps
kill	killed	killed	killing	kills
kiss	kissed	kissed	kissing	kisses
kneel (irregular)	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled	kneeling	kneels
knit	knitted	knitted	knitting	knits
knock	knocked	knocked	knocking	knocks
knot	knotted	knotted	knotting	knots
know (irregular)	knew	known	knowing	knows

Verbs starting with L

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
label	labelled	labelled	labelling	labels
lack	lacked	lacked	lacking	lacks
land	landed	landed	landing	lands
last	lasted	lasted	lasting	lasts
laugh	laughed	laughed	laughing	laughs
launch	launched	launched	launching	launches
lay (irregular)	laid	laid	laying	lays
lead (irregular)	led	led	leading	leads
lean (irregular)	leant / leaned	leant / leaned	leaning	leans
leap (irregular)	leapt / leaped	leapt / leaped	leaping	leaps
learn (irregular)	learnt / learned	learnt / learned	learning	learns
leave (irregular)	left	left	leaving	leaves
lend (irregular)	lent	lent	lending	lends
let (irregular)	let	let	letting	lets
level	levelled	levelled	levelling	levels
license	licensed	licensed	licensing	licenses
lick	licked	licked	licking	licks
lie (irregular)	lay	lain	lying	lies
lift	lifted	lifted	lifting	lifts
light (irregular)	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	lighting	lights
like	liked	liked	liking	likes
limit	limited	limited	limiting	limits
link	linked	linked	linking	links
list	listed	listed	listing	lists
listen	listened	listened	listening	listens
live	lived	lived	living	lives
load	loaded	loaded	loading	loads
locate	located	located	locating	locates
lock	locked	locked	locking	locks
long	longed	longed	longing	longs
look	looked	looked	looking	looks
lose (irregular)	lost	lost	losing	loses
love	loved	loved	loving	loves
lower	lowered	lowered	lowering	lowers

Verbs starting with M

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
maintain	maintained	maintained	maintaining	maintains
make (irregular)	made	made	making	makes
manage	managed	managed	managing	manages
march	marched	marched	marching	marches
mark	marked	marked	marking	marks
marry	married	married	marrying	marries
marvel	marvelled	marvelled	marvelling	marvels
match	matched	matched	matching	matches
mate	mated	mated	mating	mates
matter	mattered	mattered	mattering	matters
maximise	maximised	maximised	maximising	maximises
mean (irregular)	meant	meant	meaning	means
measure	measured	measured	measuring	measures
meet (irregular)	met	met	meeting	meets
melt	melted	melted	melting	melts
memorise	memorised	memorised	memorising	memorises
mend	mended	mended	mending	mends
mention	mentioned	mentioned	mentioning	mentions
merge	merged	merged	merging	merges
mess	messed	messed	messing	messes
migrate	migrated	migrated	migrating	migrates
milk	milked	milked	milking	milks
mine	mined	mined	mining	mines
minimise	minimised	minimised	minimising	minimises
miss	missed	missed	missing	misses
mistake (irregular)	mistook	mistaken	mistaking	mistakes
mix	mixed	mixed	mixing	mixes
moan	moaned	moaned	moaning	moans
model	modelled	modelled	modelling	models
modify	modified	modified	modifying	modifies
monitor	monitored	monitored	monitoring	monitors
moor	moored	moored	mooring	moors
motivate	motivated	motivated	motivating	motivates
mourn	mourned	mourned	mourning	mourns
move	moved	moved	moving	moves
muddle	muddled	muddled	muddling	muddles
mug	mugged	mugged	mugging	mugs
multiply	multiplied	multiplied	multiplying	multiplies
murder	murdered	murdered	murdering	murders

Verbs starting with N

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
nail	nailed	nailed	nailing	nails
name	named	named	naming	names
need	needed	needed	needing	needs
negotiate	negotiated	negotiated	negotiating	negotiates
nest	nested	nested	nesting	nests
nod	nodded	nodded	nodding	nods
nominate	nominated	nominated	nominating	nominates
note	noted	noted	noting	notes
notice	noticed	noticed	noticing	notices
nourish	nourished	nourished	nourishing	nourishes
number	numbered	numbered	numbering	numbers

Verbs starting with O

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
obey	obeyed	obeyed	obeying	obeys
object	objected	objected	objecting	objects
obscure	obscured	obscured	obscuring	obscures
observe	observed	observed	observing	observes
obtain	obtained	obtained	obtaining	obtains
occupy	occupied	occupied	occupying	occupies
occur	occurred	occurred	occurring	occurs
offend	offended	offended	offending	offends
offer	offered	offered	offering	offers
open	opened	opened	opening	opens
operate	operated	operated	operating	operates
oppose	opposed	opposed	opposing	opposes
order	ordered	ordered	ordering	orders
organise	organised	organised	organising	organises
outline	outlined	outlined	outlining	outlines
overcome (irregular)	overcame	overcome	overcoming	overcomes
overlook	overlooked	overlooked	overlooking	overlooks
owe	owed	owed	owing	owes
own	owned	owned	owning	owns

Verbs starting with P

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
pack	packed	packed	packing	packs
paddle	paddled	paddled	paddling	paddles
paint	painted	painted	painting	paints
park	parked	parked	parking	parks
part	parted	parted	parting	parts
participate	participated	participated	participating	participates
pass	passed	passed	passing	passes
pause	paused	paused	pausing	pauses
pay (irregular)	paid	paid	paying	pays
peck	pecked	pecked	pecking	pecks
pedal	pedalled	pedalled	pedalling	pedals
peel	peeled	peeled	peeling	peels
peep	peeped	peeped	peeping	peeps
perceive	perceived	perceived	perceiving	perceives
perform	performed	performed	performing	performs
permit	permitted	permitted	permitting	permits
persuade	persuaded	persuaded	persuading	persuades
phone	phoned	phoned	phoning	phones
pick	picked	picked	picking	picks
picnic	picnicked	picnicked	picnicking	picnics
pinch	pinched	pinched	pinching	pinches
pine	pined	pined	pining	pines
pioneer	pioneered	pioneered	pioneering	pioneers
place	placed	placed	placing	places
plan	planned	planned	planning	plans
plant	planted	planted	planting	plants
play	played	played	playing	plays
plead	pleaded	pleaded	pleading	pleads
please	pleased	pleased	pleasing	pleases
plug	plugged	plugged	plugging	plugs
plunge	plunged	plunged	plunging	plunges
point	pointed	pointed	pointing	points
poke	poked	poked	poking	pokes
polish	polished	polished	polishing	polishes
pop	popped	popped	popping	pops
possess	possessed	possessed	possessing	possesses
post	posted	posted	posting	posts
postpone	postponed	postponed	postponing	postpones
pour	poured	poured	pouring	pours
practise	practised	practised	practising	practises
pray	prayed	prayed	praying	prays
preach	preached	preached	preaching	preaches
precede	preceded	preceded	preceding	precedes
predict	predicted	predicted	predicting	predicts
prefer	preferred	preferred	preferring	prefers
prepare	prepared	prepared	preparing	prepares
prescribe	prescribed	prescribed	prescribing	prescribes
present	presented	presented	presenting	presents
preserve	preserved	preserved	preserving	preserves
preside	presided	presided	presiding	presides
press	pressed	pressed	pressing	presses
pretend	pretended	pretended	pretending	pretends
prevail	prevailed	prevailed	prevailing	prevails
prevent	prevented	prevented	preventing	prevents
prick	pricked	pricked	pricking	pricks
print	printed	printed	printing	prints
process	processed	processed	processing	processes
proclaim	proclaimed	proclaimed	proclaiming	proclaims
produce	produced	produced	producing	produces
promise	promised	promised	promising	promises
promote	promoted	promoted	promoting	promotes
propose	proposed	proposed	proposing	proposes
prosper	prospered	prospered	prospering	prospers
protect	protected	protected	protecting	protects
prove (irregular)	proved	proved / proven	proving	proves
provide	provided	provided	providing	provides
publish	published	published	publishing	publishes
pull	pulled	pulled	pulling	pulls
pump	pumped	pumped	pumping	pumps
punch	punched	punched	punching	punches
puncture	punctured	punctured	puncturing	punctures
punish	punished	punished	punishing	punishes
purchase	purchased	purchased	purchasing	purchases
pursue	pursued	pursued	pursuing	pursues
push	pushed	pushed	pushing	pushes
put (irregular)	put	put	putting	puts

Verbs starting with Q

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
qualify	qualified	qualified	qualifying	qualifies
quarrel	quarrelled	quarrelled	quarrelling	quarrels
question	questioned	questioned	questioning	questions
queue	queued	queued	queuing	queues
quit (irregular)	quit	quit	quitting	quits
quote	quoted	quoted	quoting	quotes

Verbs starting with R

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
race	raced	raced	racing	races
radiate	radiated	radiated	radiating	radiates
rain	rained	rained	raining	rains
raise	raised	raised	raising	raises
rank	ranked	ranked	ranking	ranks
rate	rated	rated	rating	rates
reach	reached	reached	reaching	reaches
react	reacted	reacted	reacting	reacts
read (irregular)	read	read	reading	reads
realise	realised	realised	realising	realises
recall	recalled	recalled	recalling	recalls
receive	received	received	receiving	receives
recognise	recognised	recognised	recognising	recognises
recommend	recommended	recommended	recommending	recommends
record	recorded	recorded	recording	records
recover	recovered	recovered	recovering	recovers
recruit	recruited	recruited	recruiting	recruits
reduce	reduced	reduced	reducing	reduces
reflect	reflected	reflected	reflecting	reflects
reform	reformed	reformed	reforming	reforms
refuse	refused	refused	refusing	refuses
register	registered	registered	registering	registers
regret	regretted	regretted	regretting	regrets
regulate	regulated	regulated	regulating	regulates
reign	reigned	reigned	reigning	reigns
reinforce	reinforced	reinforced	reinforcing	reinforces
reject	rejected	rejected	rejecting	rejects
rejoice	rejoiced	rejoiced	rejoicing	rejoices
relate	related	related	relating	relates
relax	relaxed	relaxed	relaxing	relaxes
release	released	released	releasing	releases
rely	relied	relied	relying	relies
remain	remained	remained	remaining	remains
remember	remembered	remembered	remembering	remembers
remind	reminded	reminded	reminding	reminds
remove	removed	removed	removing	removes
renew	renewed	renewed	renewing	renews
rent	rented	rented	renting	rents
repair	repaired	repaired	repairing	repairs
repeat	repeated	repeated	repeating	repeats
replace	replaced	replaced	replacing	replaces
reply	replied	replied	replying	replies
report	reported	reported	reporting	reports
represent	represented	represented	representing	represents
reproduce	reproduced	reproduced	reproducing	reproduces
request	requested	requested	requesting	requests
require	required	required	requiring	requires
rescue	rescued	rescued	rescuing	rescues
research	researched	researched	researching	researches
reserve	reserved	reserved	reserving	reserves
resign	resigned	resigned	resigning	resigns
resist	resisted	resisted	resisting	resists
resolve	resolved	resolved	resolving	resolves
respond	responded	responded	responding	responds
restore	restored	restored	restoring	restores
restrict	restricted	restricted	restricting	restricts
retain	retained	retained	retaining	retains
retire	retired	retired	retiring	retires
return	returned	returned	returning	returns
reveal	revealed	revealed	revealing	reveals
review	reviewed	reviewed	reviewing	reviews
revise	revised	revised	revising	revises
reward	rewarded	rewarded	rewarding	rewards
rhyme	rhymed	rhymed	rhyming	rhymes
rid (irregular)	rid	rid	ridding	rids
ride (irregular)	rode	ridden	riding	rides
ring (irregular)	rang	rung	ringing	rings
rinse	rinsed	rinsed	rinsing	rinses
rise (irregular)	rose	risen	rising	rises
risk	risked	risked	risking	risks
rob	robbed	robbed	robbing	robs
rock	rocked	rocked	rocking	rocks
roll	rolled	rolled	rolling	rolls
rot	rotted	rotted	rotting	rots
rotate	rotated	rotated	rotating	rotates
rub	rubbed	rubbed	rubbing	rubs
ruin	ruined	ruined	ruining	ruins
rule	ruled	ruled	ruling	rules
run (irregular)	ran	run	running	runs
rush	rushed	rushed	rushing	rushes

Verbs starting with S

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
sack	sacked	sacked	sacking	sacks
sacrifice	sacrificed	sacrificed	sacrificing	sacrifices
sail	sailed	sailed	sailing	sails
satisfy	satisfied	satisfied	satisfying	satisfies
save	saved	saved	saving	saves
say (irregular)	said	said	saying	says
scare	scared	scared	scaring	scares
scatter	scattered	scattered	scattering	scatters
schedule	scheduled	scheduled	scheduling	schedules
scold	scolded	scolded	scolding	scolds
scorch	scorched	scorched	scorching	scorches
scrape	scraped	scraped	scraping	scrapes
scratch	scratched	scratched	scratching	scratches
scream	screamed	screamed	screaming	screams
screw	screwed	screwed	screwing	screws
scribble	scribbled	scribbled	scribbling	scribbles
scrub	scrubbed	scrubbed	scrubbing	scrubs
seal	sealed	sealed	sealing	seals
search	searched	searched	searching	searches
secure	secured	secured	securing	secures
see (irregular)	saw	seen	seeing	sees
seek (irregular)	sought	sought	seeking	seeks
select	selected	selected	selecting	selects
sell (irregular)	sold	sold	selling	sells
send (irregular)	sent	sent	sending	sends
separate	separated	separated	separating	separates
serve	served	served	serving	serves
set (irregular)	set	set	setting	sets
settle	settled	settled	settling	settles
sew (irregular)	sewed	sewn / sewed	sewing	sews
shade	shaded	shaded	shading	shades
shake (irregular)	shook	shaken	shaking	shakes
share	shared	shared	sharing	shares
shave	shaved	shaved	shaving	shaves
shed (irregular)	shed	shed	sheding	sheds
shelter	sheltered	sheltered	sheltering	shelters
shift	shifted	shifted	shifting	shifts
shine (irregular)	shone	shone	shining	shines
shiver	shivered	shivered	shivering	shivers
shock	shocked	shocked	shocking	shocks
shoot (irregular)	shot	shot	shooting	shoots
shop	shopped	shopped	shopping	shops
show (irregular)	showed	shown / showed	showing	shows
shrink (irregular)	shrank	shrunk	shrinking	shrinks
shrug	shrugged	shrugged	shrugging	shrugs
shut (irregular)	shut	shut	shutting	shuts
sigh	sighed	sighed	sighing	sighs
sign	signed	signed	signing	signs
signal	signalled	signalled	signalling	signals
simplify	simplified	simplified	simplifying	simplifies
sin	sinned	sinned	sinning	sins
sing (irregular)	sang	sung	singing	sings
sink (irregular)	sank	sunk	sinking	sinks
sip	sipped	sipped	sipping	sips
sit (irregular)	sat	sat	sitting	sits
situate	situated	situated	situating	situates
ski	skied	skied	skiing	skis
skip	skipped	skipped	skipping	skips
slap	slapped	slapped	slapping	slaps
sleep (irregular)	slept	slept	sleeping	sleeps
slide (irregular)	slid	slid	sliding	slides
slip	slipped	slipped	slipping	slips
slow	slowed	slowed	slowing	slows
smash	smashed	smashed	smashing	smashes
smell (irregular)	smelt / smelled	smelt / smelled	smelling	smells
smile	smiled	smiled	smiling	smiles
smoke	smoked	smoked	smoking	smokes
snatch	snatched	snatched	snatching	snatches
sneeze	sneezed	sneezed	sneezing	sneezes
sniff	sniffed	sniffed	sniffing	sniffs
snore	snored	snored	snoring	snores
snow	snowed	snowed	snowing	snows
soak	soaked	soaked	soaking	soaks
solve	solved	solved	solving	solves
soothe	soothed	soothed	soothing	soothes
sound	sounded	sounded	sounding	sounds
sow (irregular)	sowed	sown / sowed	sowing	sows
spare	spared	spared	sparing	spares
spark	sparked	sparked	sparking	sparks
sparkle	sparkled	sparkled	sparkling	sparkles
speak (irregular)	spoke	spoken	speaking	speaks
specify	specified	specified	specifying	specifies
speculate	speculated	speculated	speculating	speculates
speed (irregular)	sped	sped	speeding	speeds
spell (irregular)	spelt / spelled	spelt / spelled	spelling	spells
spend (irregular)	spent	spent	spending	spends
spill (irregular)	spilt / spilled	spilt / spilled	spilling	spills
spin (irregular)	spun	spun	spinning	spins
spit (irregular)	spat	spat	spitting	spits
split (irregular)	split	split	splitting	splits
spoil (irregular)	spoilt / spoiled	spoilt / spoiled	spoiling	spoils
spot	spotted	spotted	spotting	spots
spray	sprayed	sprayed	spraying	sprays
spread (irregular)	spread	spread	spreading	spreads
spring (irregular)	sprang	sprung	springing	springs
sprout	sprouted	sprouted	sprouting	sprouts
squash	squashed	squashed	squashing	squashes
squeak	squeaked	squeaked	squeaking	squeaks
squeal	squealed	squealed	squealing	squeals
squeeze	squeezed	squeezed	squeezing	squeezes
stain	stained	stained	staining	stains
stamp	stamped	stamped	stamping	stamps
stand (irregular)	stood	stood	standing	stands
stare	stared	stared	staring	stares
start	started	started	starting	starts
stay	stayed	stayed	staying	stays
steal (irregular)	stole	stolen	stealing	steals
steer	steered	steered	steering	steers
step	stepped	stepped	stepping	steps
stick (irregular)	stuck	stuck	sticking	sticks
stimulate	stimulated	stimulated	stimulating	stimulates
sting (irregular)	stung	stung	stinging	stings
stink (irregular)	stank	stunk	stinking	stinks
stir	stirred	stirred	stirring	stirs
stitch	stitched	stitched	stitching	stitches
stop	stopped	stopped	stopping	stops
store	stored	stored	storing	stores
strap	strapped	strapped	strapping	straps
strengthen	strengthened	strengthened	strengthening	strengthens
stretch	stretched	stretched	stretching	stretches
strike (irregular)	struck	struck	striking	strikes
string (irregular)	strung	strung	stringing	strings
strip	stripped	stripped	stripping	strips
stroke	stroked	stroked	stroking	strokes
struggle	struggled	struggled	struggling	struggles
stuff	stuffed	stuffed	stuffing	stuffs
submit	submitted	submitted	submitting	submits
subscribe	subscribed	subscribed	subscribing	subscribes
substitute	substituted	substituted	substituting	substitutes
subtract	subtracted	subtracted	subtracting	subtracts
succeed	succeeded	succeeded	succeeding	succeeds
suck	sucked	sucked	sucking	sucks
suffer	suffered	suffered	suffering	suffers
suggest	suggested	suggested	suggesting	suggests
suit	suited	suited	suiting	suits
summarise	summarised	summarised	summarising	summarises
supervise	supervised	supervised	supervising	supervises
supply	supplied	supplied	supplying	supplies
support	supported	supported	supporting	supports
suppose	supposed	supposed	supposing	supposes
surprise	surprised	surprised	surprising	surprises
surround	surrounded	surrounded	surrounding	surrounds
survive	survived	survived	surviving	survives
suspect	suspected	suspected	suspecting	suspects
suspend	suspended	suspended	suspending	suspends
sustain	sustained	sustained	sustaining	sustains
swear (irregular)	swore	sworn	swearing	swears
sweep (irregular)	swept	swept	sweeping	sweeps
swell (irregular)	swelled	swollen	swelling	swells
swim (irregular)	swam	swum	swimming	swims
swing (irregular)	swung	swung	swinging	swings
switch	switched	switched	switching	switches

Verbs starting with T

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
take (irregular)	took	taken	taking	takes
talk	talked	talked	talking	talks
tame	tamed	tamed	taming	tames
tap	tapped	tapped	tapping	taps
target	targeted	targeted	targeting	targets
taste	tasted	tasted	tasting	tastes
teach (irregular)	taught	taught	teaching	teaches
tear (irregular)	tore	torn	tearing	tears
tease	teased	teased	teasing	teases
telephone	telephoned	telephoned	telephoning	telephones
tell (irregular)	told	told	telling	tells
tempt	tempted	tempted	tempting	tempts
terminate	terminated	terminated	terminating	terminates
terrify	terrified	terrified	terrifying	terrifies
test	tested	tested	testing	tests
thank	thanked	thanked	thanking	thanks
thaw	thawed	thawed	thawing	thaws
think (irregular)	thought	thought	thinking	thinks
thrive	thrived	thrived	thriving	thrives
throw (irregular)	threw	thrown	throwing	throws
thrust (irregular)	thrust	thrust	thrusting	thrusts
tick	ticked	ticked	ticking	ticks
tickle	tickled	tickled	tickling	tickles
tie	tied	tied	tying	ties
time	timed	timed	timing	times
tip	tipped	tipped	tipping	tips
tire	tired	tired	tiring	tires
tolerate	tolerated	tolerated	tolerating	tolerates
total	totalled	totalled	totalling	totals
touch	touched	touched	touching	touches
tour	toured	toured	touring	tours
tow	towed	towed	towing	tows
trace	traced	traced	tracing	traces
trade	traded	traded	trading	trades
train	trained	trained	training	trains
transfer	transferred	transferred	transferring	transfers
transform	transformed	transformed	transforming	transforms
translate	translated	translated	translating	translates
transmit	transmitted	transmitted	transmitting	transmits
transport	transported	transported	transporting	transports
trap	trapped	trapped	trapping	traps
travel	travelled	travelled	travelling	travels
tread (irregular)	trod	trodden	treading	treads
treat	treated	treated	treating	treats
tremble	trembled	trembled	trembling	trembles
trick	tricked	tricked	tricking	tricks
trigger	triggered	triggered	triggering	triggers
trip	tripped	tripped	tripping	trips
trot	trotted	trotted	trotting	trots
trouble	troubled	troubled	troubling	troubles
trust	trusted	trusted	trusting	trusts
try	tried	tried	trying	tries
tug	tugged	tugged	tugging	tugs
tumble	tumbled	tumbled	tumbling	tumbles
tunnel	tunnelled	tunnelled	tunnelling	tunnels
turn	turned	turned	turning	turns
twist	twisted	twisted	twisting	twists
type	typed	typed	typing	types

Verbs starting with U

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
understand (irregular)	understood	understood	understanding	understands
undertake (irregular)	undertook	undertaken	undertaking	undertakes
undress	undressed	undressed	undressing	undresses
unfasten	unfastened	unfastened	unfastening	unfastens
unify	unified	unified	unifying	unifies
unite	united	united	uniting	unites
unlock	unlocked	unlocked	unlocking	unlocks
unpack	unpacked	unpacked	unpacking	unpacks
update	updated	updated	updating	updates
upgrade	upgraded	upgraded	upgrading	upgrades
upset (irregular)	upset	upset	upsetting	upsets
urge	urged	urged	urging	urges
use	used	used	using	uses
utilise	utilised	utilised	utilising	utilises

Verbs starting with V

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
validate	validated	validated	validating	validates
value	valued	valued	valuing	values
vanish	vanished	vanished	vanishing	vanishes
verify	verified	verified	verifying	verifies
visit	visited	visited	visiting	visits
volunteer	volunteered	volunteered	volunteering	volunteers
vote	voted	voted	voting	votes

Verbs starting with W

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
wail	wailed	wailed	wailing	wails
wait	waited	waited	waiting	waits
wake (irregular)	woke	woken	waking	wakes
walk	walked	walked	walking	walks
wander	wandered	wandered	wandering	wanders
want	wanted	wanted	wanting	wants
warm	warmed	warmed	warming	warms
warn	warned	warned	warning	warns
wash	washed	washed	washing	washes
waste	wasted	wasted	wasting	wastes
watch	watched	watched	watching	watches
water	watered	watered	watering	waters
wave	waved	waved	waving	waves
wear (irregular)	wore	worn	wearing	wears
weave (irregular)	wove	woven	weaving	weaves
weep (irregular)	wept	wept	weeping	weeps
weigh	weighed	weighed	weighing	weighs
welcome	welcomed	welcomed	welcoming	welcomes
whine	whined	whined	whining	whines
whip	whipped	whipped	whipping	whips
whirl	whirled	whirled	whirling	whirls
whisper	whispered	whispered	whispering	whispers
whistle	whistled	whistled	whistling	whistles
widen	widened	widened	widening	widens
win (irregular)	won	won	winning	wins
wind (irregular)	wound	wound	winding	winds
wink	winked	winked	winking	winks
wipe	wiped	wiped	wiping	wipes
wish	wished	wished	wishing	wishes
withdraw (irregular)	withdrew	withdrawn	withdrawing	withdraws
withstand	withstanded	withstanded	withstanding	withstands
wobble	wobbled	wobbled	wobbling	wobbles
wonder	wondered	wondered	wondering	wonders
work	worked	worked	working	works
worry	worried	worried	worrying	worries
worship	worshipped	worshipped	worshipping	worships
wrap	wrapped	wrapped	wrapping	wraps
wreck	wrecked	wrecked	wrecking	wrecks
wrestle	wrestled	wrestled	wrestling	wrestles
wriggle	wriggled	wriggled	wriggling	wriggles
write (irregular)	wrote	written	writing	writes

Verbs starting with Y

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
yawn	yawned	yawned	yawning	yawns
yell	yelled	yelled	yelling	yells
yield	yielded	yielded	yielding	yields

Verbs starting with Z

V1 (base)	V2 (past)	V3 (past participle)	V4 (-ing)	V5 (-s)
zip	zipped	zipped	zipping	zips
zoom	zoomed	zoomed	zooming	zooms

For the DET

How this shows up on the Duolingo English Test

The DET never asks you to recite verb forms, but it tests them all the time, in reading, writing and speaking:

DET task	How verb forms helps
Fill in the Blanks and Read and Complete	You finish words from a few letters and the context: writ___ must become written after “has”, and stopp___ must become stopped.
Read and Select	Fake words often look like wrong past forms (brang, thinked). Knowing the real forms lets you reject them in a second.
Write About the Photo and the Writing Sample	Describing what happened or what is happening needs V2 and V4 forms; one wrong form in a short answer is easy for the marker to see.
Speak About the Photo and Interactive Speaking	Stories about your past need correct V2 forms; “I have seen”, not “I have saw”, is part of the grammar score.

Put it under exam conditions with a full Duolingo English Test mock, or drill single question types from the question-type guides.

Practice

Verb forms quiz

Pick the right V2 or V3. The options are real forms of other verbs, so you have to know which belongs to which.

Worksheet

Verb forms exercise with answers

Write the correct form of the verb in brackets. Then open the answers.

Yesterday we ____ (go) to the beach.
She has ____ (write) three letters today.
I ____ (see) that film last week.
Have you ever ____ (eat) sushi?
He is ____ (run) in the park now.
My sister ____ (study) every evening. (V5)
They had already ____ (leave) when we arrived.
The glass was ____ (break) by the wind.
She ____ (teach) us English last year.
We are ____ (plan) a trip to Goa.
The baby ____ (cry) all night. (past)
He has ____ (forget) his password again.
I ____ (buy) a new phone on Monday.
The film has already ____ (begin).
She ____ (stop) the car suddenly.
Who ____ (choose) this colour?
The letter was ____ (send) yesterday.
My father ____ (fix) bikes. (V5)
They have ____ (travel) to six countries.
I have never ____ (fly) in a helicopter.

Show the answer key

went
written
saw
eaten
running
studies
left
broken
taught
planning
cried
forgotten
bought
begun
stopped
chose
sent
fixes
travelled
flown

At a glance

Verb forms: quick reference

Question	Answer
The five forms	V1 base · V2 past · V3 past participle · V4 -ing · V5 -s.
Regular verbs	V2 = V3 = base + -ed: play – played – played.
Irregular verbs	No rule; 154 common ones on this page, grouped by pattern.
go	go – went – gone – going – goes.
eat	eat – ate – eaten – eating – eats.
see	see – saw – seen – seeing – sees.
write	write – wrote – written – writing – writes.
Double the consonant	Stressed one vowel + one consonant: stop → stopped, prefer → preferred.
V3 is used	After have / has / had, in the passive, and as an adjective.
learnt or learned?	Both correct: learnt is British and Indian, learned is American.

FAQ

Verb forms: your questions

What are the 5 forms of a verb?

V1, the base form (write); V2, the past simple (wrote); V3, the past participle (written); V4, the present participle or -ing form (writing); and V5, the third person singular -s form (writes). V1 to V3 are the ones learners memorise; V4 and V5 follow spelling rules for almost every verb.

What are the 3 forms of a verb?

The base form (V1), the past simple (V2) and the past participle (V3): go – went – gone, eat – ate – eaten, play – played – played. Regular verbs add -ed for both V2 and V3; irregular verbs change in their own ways, which is why lists of irregular verbs exist.

What are the verb forms of go?

V1 go, V2 went, V3 gone, V4 going, V5 goes. “I go”, “I went”, “I have gone”, “I am going”, “she goes”. Note that been is also used as a V3 of go when you mean you visited and came back: “I have been to Delhi.”

What are the verb forms of eat?

V1 eat, V2 ate, V3 eaten, V4 eating, V5 eats. “We ate at seven.” “Have you eaten?” “She eats early.” Eat is irregular, so its past (ate) and past participle (eaten) have to be learned rather than formed with -ed.

What are the verb forms of see?

V1 see, V2 saw, V3 seen, V4 seeing, V5 sees. A common mistake is “I seen it”: after I on its own, use V2 (“I saw it”); use V3 only after have, has or had (“I have seen it”).

What are the verb forms of write?

V1 write, V2 wrote, V3 written (two t’s), V4 writing (one t), V5 writes. The doubled t in written and the single t in writing are the two spellings learners most often get wrong. Write is irregular: wrote and written are not formed with -ed.

What are the verb forms of take?

V1 take, V2 took, V3 taken, V4 taking, V5 takes. Verbs built on it follow the same pattern: mistake – mistook – mistaken, undertake – undertook – undertaken. Take is irregular, so took and taken have to be learned.

What are the verb forms of do?

V1 do, V2 did, V3 done, V4 doing, V5 does. Do is also a helping verb, which is why it appears in questions and negatives: “Did you finish?”, “She does not know.” Done is never used alone as a past tense: say “I did it”, not “I done it”.

What is the difference between regular and irregular verbs?

Regular verbs make V2 and V3 by adding -ed (walk – walked – walked), with small spelling changes such as stop – stopped and try – tried. Irregular verbs do not follow that rule (go – went – gone, buy – bought – bought). Of the 1078 verbs on this page, 154 are irregular.

How many irregular verbs are there in English?

Around 200 are in everyday use, and about 150 of them are common enough to learn early; those are listed on this page. Counting rare and old-fashioned forms, lists run past 400. Many of the most common verbs (be, have, do, go, get, make, say, see, take, come) are irregular.

When do I use the past participle (V3)?

After have, has and had in the perfect tenses (“She has finished”, “They had left”), after a form of be in the passive (“The letter was written”), and as an adjective (“a broken window”). Never use V3 on its own as a past tense: “I done it” should be “I did it”.

What are V4 and V5 in verb forms?

V4 is the -ing form (present participle): playing, writing, running, used in the continuous tenses. V5 is the third person singular present form: plays, writes, runs, used after he, she, it or one person or thing. Both follow spelling rules, so they are rarely listed separately in Western grammar books.

Is it “learnt” or “learned”?

Both are correct. Learnt is common in British and Indian English; learned is the usual form in American English and is also used in Britain. The same goes for burnt/burned, dreamt/dreamed, spelt/spelled and spoilt/spoiled. Pick one and use it consistently in a piece of writing.

Is “got” or “gotten” correct?

Both, in different varieties. British and Indian English use got as the past participle (“I have got a cold”); American English often uses gotten (“It has gotten colder”). On an international English test either is accepted, as long as the rest of the sentence is correct.

How do I learn verb forms quickly?

Learn the spelling rules for regular verbs once, then learn irregular verbs in their patterns rather than alphabetically: all-same (cut – cut – cut), V2 = V3 (buy – bought – bought) and all-different (go – went – gone). Say each set aloud, test yourself with the quiz, and use each new form in a sentence of your own.

Can I download the verb forms chart as a PDF?

Yes. The chart on this page shows V1 to V5 and the Hindi meaning for 20 common verbs, and it downloads as a PDF to print or as a PNG image. The full A–Z list of over 1,000 verbs, with all five forms, is on the page itself, with a search box.

Do verb forms matter on the Duolingo English Test?

Yes, constantly. Fill in the Blanks and Read and Complete ask you to finish words such as writ___ (written) from context; Read and Select includes fake past forms such as “brang”; and every writing and speaking task is marked partly on grammar, where wrong verb forms are the most common error.

What is the verb form of “be”?

Be is the most irregular verb in English. V1 be (present: am, is, are), V2 was / were, V3 been, V4 being, V5 is. Use was with I, he, she, it and were with you, we, they.

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